唔止係「坐唔定」：研究整理 ADHD 孩子同青少年嘅動作同身體技巧 More Than "Can't Sit Still": What Research Says About Motor Skills in Children and Teens with ADHD

作者 Byline：周Sir／chausir.com

本文由 AI 協助整理公開資料。 This article summarises public research with AI assistance.

1. 呢份研究做咗啲咩 ｜ What the study looked at

中文

西班牙團隊 Blanco-Martínez、González-Devesa、Ayán-Pérez 同 Diz-Gómez，喺 2025 年 9 月網上發表一篇系統性回顧同統合分析，比較有 ADHD 同典型發展嘅孩子同青少年喺動作能力上有咩分別。團隊按 PRISMA 指引搜尋文獻至 2025 年 5 月，納入 25 項用標準化動作能力工具比較兩組嘅研究，合共約 2,127 名參與者，其中約 985 名有 ADHD。[1]

English

A Spanish team, Blanco-Martínez, González-Devesa, Ayán-Pérez and Diz-Gómez, published a systematic review and meta-analysis online in September 2025. It compared motor competence in children and adolescents with ADHD and their typically developing peers. Following PRISMA guidelines, the team searched the literature up to May 2025 and included 25 studies that compared the two groups using standardised motor competence tools, covering about 2,127 participants, about 985 of whom had ADHD. [1]

2. 研究見到咩關聯 ｜ What links the review found

中文

以第 5 百分位作為「動作困難」門檻時，ADHD 組出現動作困難嘅勝算比較高（OR 11.92，95% 信賴區間 3.79 至 37.53）；以第 15 百分位作為「可能有動作困難」門檻時，勝算比同樣較高（OR 2.73，95% 信賴區間 1.08 至 6.89）。統合分析亦顯示，ADHD 組喺手部靈巧、平衡、移動技巧同物件操控（例如拋接球）等分數，傾向低過同儕。

以上係文獻統合出嚟嘅組間差異同關聯，唔代表每位 ADHD 孩子都會有同樣嘅動作困難，亦唔代表某一種練習必然帶來某一結果。作者指出過往個別研究結果並唔完全一致，所以需要系統整合先睇到整體趨勢。[1]

English

Using the 5th percentile as the cut-off for "motor difficulties," the ADHD group had higher odds of motor difficulties (OR 11.92, 95% confidence interval 3.79 to 37.53). Using the 15th percentile as the cut-off for "possible motor difficulties," the odds were also higher (OR 2.73, 95% confidence interval 1.08 to 6.89). The meta-analysis also showed that the ADHD group tended to score lower than peers in manual dexterity, balance, locomotor skills and object control (such as throwing and catching a ball).

These are group differences and associations pooled from the literature. They do not mean every child with ADHD has the same motor difficulties, and they do not prove that any one kind of practice always leads to any one outcome. The authors note that earlier individual studies did not fully agree, which is why a systematic synthesis helps show the overall pattern. [1]

3. 讀研究時要留意 ｜ Reading the findings with care

中文

呢篇回顧整理嘅係兩組之間嘅平均差異，唔係講 ADHD 導致動作困難，亦唔係用嚟判斷個別孩子。第 5 百分位嗰個勝算比數字好大，但信賴區間亦好闊，即係唔同研究之間差異唔細，數字要小心理解。納入嘅研究來自唔同國家，用嘅工具同樣本年齡都唔同；香港孩子嘅日常活動量、學校體育安排同功課模式未必一樣，只可以作參考。[1]

English

This review summarises average differences between two groups. It does not say that ADHD causes motor difficulties, and it is not a way to judge any individual child. The odds ratio at the 5th percentile is large, but its confidence interval is also wide, which means results varied quite a lot between studies, so the number should be read with care. The included studies came from different countries and used different tools and age ranges. Hong Kong children's daily activity levels, school PE arrangements and homework patterns may differ, so the findings are a reference only. [1]

4. 香港家長可以點留意 ｜ Small things Hong Kong parents can notice

中文

香港好多家長同老師會留意 ADHD 孩子「坐唔定、郁得多」，但未必留意到寫字特別費力、執波接波唔穩、換衫綁鞋帶慢、體育堂跟唔上節奏等。呢篇回顧提醒：呢啲表現唔一定係「態度問題」或者「懶」，文獻整體顯示 ADHD 組同同儕喺多項身體技巧分數上有差異。

家長可以同孩子同學校一齊留意：邊啲日常動作最吃力？寫字、手工、體育或者音樂堂有冇合理調整嘅空間，例如多啲時間、分段完成？可唔可以喺唔標籤、唔比較嘅前提下，俾孩子多啲輕鬆練習同休息嘅節奏？見到孩子肯試、肯慢慢嚟，都值得欣賞。

喺 CRP（Communication, Relationship, Parenting）嘅角度，先問「邊度難」再一齊諗辦法，比直接要求「快啲、整靚啲」更容易建立信任。研究只係參考，每個孩子節奏唔同。

English

Many Hong Kong parents and teachers notice that children with ADHD "can't sit still," but may miss other signs: handwriting that takes great effort, unsteady catching and throwing, slow dressing or shoelace tying, or difficulty keeping pace in PE lessons. This review is a reminder that these are not always a matter of "attitude" or "laziness." Across the literature, the ADHD group showed differences from peers in several physical skill scores.

Parents can notice together with their child and the school: which everyday movements feel hardest? Is there room for reasonable adjustments in handwriting, crafts, PE or music, such as more time or finishing tasks in parts? Without labels or comparisons, can the child have a relaxed rhythm of practice and rest? When a child is willing to try and take it slowly, that effort is worth appreciating.

From a CRP (Communication, Relationship, Parenting) point of view, asking "which part is hard?" and then finding ideas together tends to build more trust than simply asking a child to be "faster" or "neater." The research is a reference only, and every child has their own pace.

資料來源 ｜ Sources

1. Blanco-Martínez, N., González-Devesa, D., Ayán-Pérez, C., & Diz-Gómez, J. C. (2025). Differences in motor competence between children and adolescents with and without ADHD: Findings from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-025-07033-1

免責聲明 ｜ Disclaimer

教育資訊，非診斷或醫療建議。 Educational information, not a diagnosis or medical advice.

周Sir 嘅講座同文章屬家長教育，不提供診斷、評估或治療，亦不提供醫療或用藥建議；如有需要，請諮詢合資格專業人士。

Chau Sir's talks and articles are parent education. They do not provide diagnosis, assessment or treatment, and do not provide medical or medication advice. If needed, please consult a qualified professional.